Samples – Multiple choice questions of Protozoology

1. All protozoan pathogens have a ……………… phase.
a. cyst b. sexual c. trophozoite d. blood

2. Which species of Trypanosoma is not a human pathogen?
a.T.cruzi b. T.rangeli c. T.gambiense d. T. Rhidesiense

3. A malarial infected person by blood transfusion does not have ………… in his body.
a. hypnosoite b. trophozoite c. schizont d. gametocyte

4. Rosette in RBC is a specific shape of ………… .
a. P.vivax b. P.falciparum c. P.ovale d. P.malariae

5. ……………….. enzymes may be destroyed in infected persons by Giardia lamblia.
a. Lipase b. Cytolysin c. Collagenase d. Phosphatase acid

6. What is the pathogenic agent responsible for chiclero ulcer?
a. L.tropica b. L.major c. L.mexicana d. L.braziliensis

7. Which disease is related to Winterbottom’s sign?
a. Sleeping sickness b. Chagas disease
c. Kalaazar d. Toxoplasmosis

8. Which of the following items is more important for differentiation between Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar?
a. Genomic methods b. Inoculation to specific culture media
c. Electron microscopic examination d. All items are correct

9. What is the result of exflagellation of Plasmodium?
a. Microgamet b. Micrgametocyte
c. Macrogamet d.Macrogametocyte

10. Which one is not zoonosis?
a. Cryptosporidium parvum b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Balantidium coli d. Toxoplasma gondii

11. Which parasite is related to Oriental sore?
a. L.aethiopica b. L.infantum c. L.tropica d. L.donovani

12. Which parasitic form is related to congenital toxoplasmosis?
a. Tachyzoite b. Trophozoite c. Oocyst d. Tissue cyst

13. Flask shaped ulcers in human intestine are related to ………………….. .
a. Giardiasis b. Cryptosporidiosis c. Cyclosporidiasis d. Amoebiasis

14. Trophozoites of Toxoplasma gondii multiply by ……………….. .
a. Endodyogeny b. Schizogoni c. Binary fission d. Sporogony

15. All different forms of Toxoplasma gondii can be present in the body of……………….. .
a. Cat b. Human c. Mice d. Cow

16. What is the composition of amebic chromatoidal bars?
a. Ribonucleoprotein b. Glycogen c. Glycoprotein d. Lipoprotein

17. In which of the following amoeba, it is not possible to see peripheral chromatin in nucleus?
a. E.hartmanii b. E.coli c. E.nana d. E.dispar

18. Where is the site of pre-erythrocytic cycle of malaria?
a. Anophel b. Paranchymal cells of liver
c. Kopfer cells of liver d. spleen

19. ……………parasites in fecal specimens are infective forms of oocysts.
a. Cyclospora b. Isospora c. Cryptosporidium d. Toxoplasma

20. Specie identification is not possible, only by microscopic morphology observation of ………. parasites isolated from infected human.
a. Entamoeba b. Plasmodium c. Leishmania d. Trypanosoma

21. Entamoeba histolytica primarily invades the …………………… .
a. liver b. large large intestine c. small intestine d. lungs

22. An oocyst is found in ……….. and a pseudocyst is found in …….. .
a. humans,cats b. cats,humans c. feces,tissue d. tissue,feces

23. A person can aquire toxoplasmosis from …………………… .
a. pseudocyst in raw meat
b. oocyst in air
c. cleaning out the cat litter box
d. all of these

24. Malarial anemia is …………………… type.
a. megaloblastic b. Microcytic hypochromic
c. Normocytic normochromic d. Normoctic hypochrome

25. Which form of leishmania is injected to animal model for lishmanization?
a. Epimastigote b. Trypomastigote c. Promastigote d. Amastigote

With best wishes-FRZ

Samples – Multiple choice questions of Microbiology II (part II)

1. Lysosymes break linkage between ………………. in bacterial cell wall.
a. N-acetyl muramic acid & L-alanine
b. N-acetyl muramic acid & N-acetyl glucose amine
c. N-acetyl muramic acid & D-alanine
d. N-acetyl muramic acid & first aminoacid in glycin chain

2. Which property in bacteria makes them active in different ecological situations?
a. centriols b. wide metabolic potential
c. histones d. 80s ribosomes

3. Which antibiotic is an inhibitor of bacterial cell wall?
a. cycloserine b. Azidothymidine
c. clindamycin d. erythromycin

4. Which sentence is correct about bacterial cell wall?
a. D-alanine is the first aminoacid attached to N-acetyl muramic acid
b. L-lysine is the second amino acid of tetrapeptid chain in gram negative bacteria
c. DAP is the third aminoacid of tetrapeptid chain of gram negative bacteria
d. D-GLN is the fourth aminoacid of tetrapeptid chain of gram positive bacteria

5. What is the chemical composition of cortex in bacterial spore?
a. Murein b. Teichoic acid c. LPS d. Trans amines

6. Some parts of bacterial cell can be colored in microscopic view by the use of specific stains. Which of the following items is not correct?
a. Malachite green- spore b. Lugol’s iodine- inclusion body
c. Copper sulfate- capsule d. Feulgen- DNA

7. …………………. Inhibits cell wall synthesis by blocking a lipid carrier.
a.Cephalosporin b. Phosphonomycin
c. bacitracin d. cycloserine

8. Oxygen is …………………….. in anaerobic respiration.
a. inhibitory
b. not required
c. provided from molecular oxygen
d. provided from oxygen-containing compounds

9. Siderophores are …………………….. .
a.iron chelators present in the bacterial cell
b. cation chelating agents in the organism
c. the most abundant polycationic compound in the cell
d. All are correct

10. Plasmids are ………………………. .
a. extra chromosomal self-replicating DNA molecules
b. not extra chromosomal DNA molecules
c. chromosomal DNA molecules
d. extra chromosomal RNA molecules

11. What is the sulfonamide analogous in bacterial cell?
a. Folic acid b. Dihydrofolic acid
c. PABA d. Beta hydroxyl myristic acid

12. Some bacteria can use CO2 as the sole carbon source and obtaining energy by oxidation & reduction of inorganic substances. These bacteria are classified as:
a. Chemolithotrophs b. Chemoheterotrophs
c. Photoautotrophs d. photoheterotrophs

13. In bacterial electron transport chain, if the final electron acceptor is a component or an ion other than oxygen, this pathway is called as:
a. photosynthesis b. fermentation
c. anaerobic respiration d. nitrogen fixation

14. What is the end product of Entner-Dudoff pathway?
a. Ethanol-pyrovate b. Acetaldehyde-Ethanol
c. Pyrovate d. Acetaldehyde-CO2- Pyrovate

15. Which of the following bacteria can oxidize CH4 in aerobic condition and produce CO2?
a. Methylomonas b. Methnococcus c. Myxococcus d. Paracoccus

16. Perplasmic flagella are present in ……………….. .
a. Helicobacter b. Spirochete c. Treponema d. Clamydia

17. The term culture refers to the ……. growth of bacteria in …… .
a. rapid, an incubator b. macroscopic, media
c. microscopic, the body d. artificial, colonies

18. The time required for a cell to undergo binary fission is called the ………………. .
a.exponential growth rate b. growth curve
c. germination time d. lag period

19. ………………. Is another term for biosynthesis.
a. catabolism b. metabolism c.anabolism d. catalyst

20. To digest cellulose in its environment, a microorganism produces a/an …………….. .
a. endoenzyme b. catalase
c. exoenzyme d. Polymerase

21. Fermentation of a glucose molecule gives off a net number of ……… ATP. a. 4 b. 2 c. 40 d. 38

22. The compound that enters the TCA cycle from glycolysis is ………….. .
a. citric acid b. oxalic acid c. pyrovic acid d. acetyl co A

23. FADH2 formed during the TCA cycle. At which site it can enter to the electron transport system?
a. NADH dehydrogenase b. cytochrome
c. coenzyme Q d. ATP synthase

24. An effective method of sterilizing heat sensitive liquids is ………. .
a. UV radiation b. Exposure to ozone c. beta propiolactone d. filteration

25. What does a bactericidal agent do?
a. kills spores b. inhibits bacteria
c. not effective against viruses d. destroys bacteria

26. Which statement is not an aim in the use of drug in antimicrobial chemotherapy?
The drug should ………………………… .
a. have selective toxicity b. be active even in high dilutions
c. be broken down and excreted rapidly d.be microbicidal

27. Drugs that prevent the formation of the bacterial cell wall are ……………….. .
a. quinolones b. beta-lactams c. tetracyclines d. aminoglycosides

28. Which of the following modes of action would be most selectively toxic?
a. interrupting ribosomal function b. dissolving the cell membrane
c. preventing cell wall synthesis d. inhibiting DNA replication

29. The MIC is the ……….. of a drug is required to inhibit growth of a bacteria.
a. largest concentration b. standard dose
c. smallest concentration d. lowest dilution

30. The presence of a few bacteria in the blood is termed ……………….. .
a. septicemia b. bacteremia c. toxemia d. a secondary infection

With best wishes-FRZ

Samples – Multiple choice questions of basic virology (part II)

1.What is a virion?
a.Inactivated virus b. Infective virus
c.viral capsid d. Defective virus

2. Virions of …………. are in two groups of sense and antisense strand viruses.
a. Adeno virus b. Parvo virus c. Herpes virus d. Hepadna virus

3. 33oC is the optimum multiplication temperature for ……………. .
a. Retro virus b. Entero virus c. Influenza virus d. Paramyxo virus

4. Viral genome of………………….. is (+)ss RNA but it cannot be translated directly by ribosomes like mRNA.
a. Paramyxo virus b.Picorna virus c. Toga virus d. Retro virus

5.Which chemical substances can inactivate prions?
a.DNase b. RNase c. both a & b d.Not a & b

6. ……………. is an antiviral drug which inactivate reverse transcriptase?
a.Ribavirin b. Vidarabin c. Azidothymidin d. Gancyclovir

7. …………….. contains the non segmented genome.
a.Reo virus b. Myxo virus c. Arena virus d. Paramyxo virus

8. Infected cells to ………………… can show haemadsorption activity.
a. Adeno virus b. Polioma virus c.Influenza virus d. Parvo virus

9. Defective viruses dose not have …………….. .
a. One or several genes necessary for replication
b. Some nucleoproteins
c. Some parts of envelope
d. Some parts of capsid

10. Viroids …………………………………… .
a. need helper viruses b. contain circular dsDNA
c. don’t have DNA & RNA d. contain circular ssRNA

11. Amantidine hydrochloride drug inhibits ……………….. .
a. RNA synthesis b. Uncoating c. DNA synthesis d. Attachment

12. All the following items show interferon activity, EXCEPT.
a. Endonuclease activity b. Protein kinase
c. Activation of phosphodiesterase d. Protein cleavage

13. Macroscopic lesions on chorioallanthoic membrane of embryonated egg are produced by …… .
a. Influenza virus b. HSV-I c. Adeno virus d. Polio virus

14. (-)ssRNA viruses use ……………….. during genome replication.
a. reverse transcriptase b. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
c. Thymidin kinase d. Neuraminidase

15.Interferons inhibit ……………………. .
a. viral uncoating
b.viral lysis & release c. viral mRNA translation
d. Viral adsorption to host cells

16. What is the common phenomenon in all viral infections?
a.DNA replication b. mRNA synthesis
c. Glycoprotein synthesis d. RNA dependent-DNA synthesis

17. Between ……………… is the Eclipse period.
a. Assemly & Release b. Adsorption & Assembly
c. Release & Assembly d. Adsorption & uncoating

18. Interference can be happened during the usage of ………………….. .
a. killed vaccines b. Attenuated vaccines c. recombinant vaccines d. vaccines containing viral subunits

19. Differentiation of enveloped and non enveloped viruses are related to the presence or absence of …………………….. .
a. nucleic acid b. lipids c. proteins d. enzymes

20. ……………… has the helical symmetry.
a. Adeno virus b. Influenza virus c. Herpes virus d. Parvo virus

21. Virion of …………………………. has reverse transcriptase.
a. HBV b. Rabies c. HCV d. CMV

22. Integrase is a necessary enzyme for ……………….. .
a. HAV b. HIV c. HCV d. Flavi virus

23. Nucleic acid of ……………….. can be used as a gene vector.
a. HBV b. Vaccina virus c. Influenza virus d. Rubbella virus

24. Some family members of ……………… for their replication need Adeno virus.
a. Parvoviridae b. Papiloma viridae c. Herpes viridae d. Pox viridae

25. What is the primary target of ultraviolet radiation on a virion?
a. capsid b. genome c. matrix d. envelope

With best wishes-FRZ

Samples – Multiple choice questions of Microbiology II (part I)

1.Which division of bacteria has a Gram-positive cell wall?
a.Gracilicutes b.Archaea c.Firmicutes d.Tenericutes

2. What is the appearance of Gram-positive and gram negative bacteria in the Gram’s staining after alcohol treatment?
a. violet-Red b. Red-Violet c. colorless-colorless d. violet- colorless

3.Mycoplasma———— .
a. are the smallest free-living organism
b.Have a typical bacterial cell wall
c. are sensitive to penicillin
d. are sensitive to tetracycline

4.Porin proteins are used for————–
a. Chemotaxis
b. Uptake of water-soluble nutrients
c. Biosynthesis of inclusion bodies
d. Restriction endonuclease

5. The ability of species of Klebsiella to grow and divide in a sterile glucose solution is probably related to the microorganism’s ability to:
a.Use Co2 from air as a source of O2
b.Utilize ammonia, which is part of the glucose solution
c.Use glucose as a carbon source and nitrogen gas as a nitrogen source
d.Use glucose as a source of carbon and nitrogen

6.Which of the following media can support growth of anaerobes, aerobes, microaerophilic, and fastidious bacteria?
a.Tetrathionate broth b.Thayermartin agarc.Thioglycolate broth d.TCBS

7. What is the movement pattern of bacterial flagella for forward swimming?
a. Asymmetrical whip like motion of flagella
b. Symmetrical sinusoidal wave motion of flagella
c. Counter clockwise rotation of flagella
d. Clock wise rotation of flagella

8. Bacteriochlorophyll-a differs from chlorophyll a only in group attached at———-
a. R1 b.R2 c.R3 d. None

9. Which part is present in all bacteria?
a.Peptidoglycan b.Outer membrane c.Capsule d.mesosomes

10.Which chemical composition is present only in spore formers?
a.Diaminopimleic acid b.Nuraminic acid c.Muramic acid d.Dipicolinic acid

Samples- Multiple choice questions of basic virology (part I)

1. The  _____ of the influenza-enveloped virus appear to be involved in attachment to the host cell receptor site 

 Pili- Fimbriae- Flagellae- Hemagluttinin- Neuraminidase

2. Virulent and nonvirulent viruses may do any of the following but NOT
Inhibit host cell DNA synthesis
Inhibit host cell RNA synthesis
Inhibit host cell protein synthesis
Stimulate host cell macromolecule synthesis
Degrade host cell DNA

3. Viral RNA is replicated in the host cell———–
Cytoplasmic matrix
Nucleus
Wall
Mitochondria
Lysozomes

4. Viroids are composed of———–
single-stranded DNA
double-stranded DNA
single-stranded RNA
double-stranded RNA
DNA and RNA

5. More support for the “protein only” hypothesis for prions has been supplied by studies on a prion found in—-
Humans-Cattle-sheep-Yeast-bacteria

6. Which of the following viruses is the smallest one?
Picorna-Reo-Toga-Corona-Orthomyxo

7. By effect of Bacteriophages on sensitive bacteria, what can we see on agar plates?
Foci-Pocks-Plaques-Syncytia-Pox

8.By which of the following mechanisms, one part of a bacterial genome can be transferred by a phage from one bacterium to another one?
Transformation-Transduction-Conjugation-All-None

9. Inclusion bodies of Measles are located in——– of host cell.
Nucleus-Cytoplasm-Both-None

10. ———– is a family of ds RNA bacteriophages.
Plasmaviridae-Cystoviridae-Leviviridae-Microviridae-Podoviridae

With best wishes-FRZ

Please refer to original testes in the web.

Welcome note

Dear friends & students
From now on you can use this weblog to receive new information about scientific subjects in IAUK- Department of Microbiology.
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Thank you-Farokh Rokhbakhsh Zamin